Research progress on risk factors and early predictors of contrast-induced nephropathy

As a serious iatrogenic complication, the incidence and clinical importance of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) have become increasingly prominent. CIN not only increases the length of hospital stay, medical cost and short-term mortality, but also is an independent predictor of long-term renal function deterioration and adverse cardiovascular events. At present, there is no effective method to completely avoid the occurrence of CIN after the use of contrast media in clinical practice, and the treatment of CIN that has occurred is also limited. Therefore, the prevention of CIN has become the focus of clinical research, and the identification of the risk factors of CIN is the basis and key link in the development of prevention programs. The purpose of this study is to review the existing evidence and further study the pathogenesis, risk factors and early predictors of CIN, so as to provide a reference for medical staff to formulate preventive measures, thereby reducing the risk of CIN and improving medical quality and ensuring patient safety.