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Related Concept Videos

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are employed to...
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...

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Updated: May 23, 2026

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
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Factors Affecting Solvent Retention due to Gel Formation during Dissolution-Based Plastic Recycling.

Hedam Kim1, Ali Altamimi2, Whitney S Loo1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
|May 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Minimizing residual solvent in plastic recycling is key. This study identifies solvent vapor pressure and polymer molecular weight as crucial factors for efficient polymer gel processing in solvent-targeted recovery and precipitation (STRAP).

Keywords:
STRAPdissolution-based recyclingmachine learningplastic recyclingsolvent removalsolvent retentionsupport vector regression

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Characteristics of Precipitation-formed Polyethylene Glycol Microgels Are Controlled by Molecular Weight of Reactants

Published on: December 23, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Sustainable Engineering

Background:

  • Dissolution-based plastic recycling, like solvent-targeted recovery and precipitation (STRAP), selectively recovers polymers from mixed waste.
  • A significant challenge in STRAP is the efficient removal of residual solvent from polymer gels.
  • Understanding factors influencing solvent retention is crucial for optimizing this recycling process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the key factors affecting residual solvent content in polymer gels during dissolution-based plastic recycling.
  • To develop a predictive model for solvent retention based on various influencing variables.
  • To identify the most significant parameters for selecting optimal polymer-solvent systems in STRAP.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurements were conducted to assess the impact of precipitation method, cooling rate, and filtration time on solvent retention.
  • Six variables (solvent vapor pressure, polymer molecular weight, polymer-to-solvent mass ratio, predicted solubility, Hansen solubility parameter, Flory-Huggins interaction parameter) were investigated.
  • A support vector regression model was developed to predict solvent retention and determine feature contributions for six common polymers and nine solvents.

Main Results:

  • Precipitation method, cooling rate, and extended filtration time showed no significant effect on solvent retention.
  • Solvent vapor pressure was identified as the most influential factor affecting residual solvent.
  • Polymer molecular weight was the second most significant factor, while the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter had a lesser influence.

Conclusions:

  • Solvent vapor pressure and polymer molecular weight are critical parameters for minimizing residual solvent in dissolution-based plastic recycling.
  • The developed predictive framework aids in selecting polymer-solvent systems to reduce solvent retention.
  • This research provides a foundation for enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of STRAP processes.