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Updated: May 23, 2026

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions
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Nonlinear Relations Between Resting Heart Rate Measures and Health Risk Behavior in Emerging Adulthood.

Derek P Spangler1, Nina Lauharatanahirun1,2

  • 1Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.

Journal of Adolescence
|May 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Resting heart rate (HR) and high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) show a quadratic link to health risk behavior (HRB) in young adults. Moderate levels of HR or HF-HRV are linked to less risk-taking behavior.

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Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges
08:22

Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges

Published on: February 25, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Autonomic Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Resting heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are autonomic nervous system indicators.
  • Autonomic processes may predict health risk behavior (HRB) in emerging adulthood.
  • Existing research on the HR-HRB relationship is inconsistent, showing both positive and negative associations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nonlinear, quadratic relationship between resting HR and HRV and HRB propensity.
  • To reconcile inconsistent findings in prior research by proposing a quadratic model.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 89 young adults (mean age 21) provided resting ECG data over three periods.
  • Mean HR and high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) were computed as measures of vagal activity.
  • Health risk behavior propensity was assessed using self-report questionnaires.

Main Results:

  • Both resting HR and HF-HRV demonstrated statistically separate quadratic associations with HRB propensity.
  • Moderate levels of mean HR were associated with a reduced propensity for risk-taking.
  • Moderate levels of HF-HRV were also linked to a decreased HRB propensity.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest a curvilinear relationship between autonomic measures and HRB in emerging adults.
  • Heightened vagal activity (high HF-HRV) may relate to under-arousal and increased HRB.
  • Reduced vagal activity (low HF-HRV) may indicate deficient self-regulation and increased HRB.