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Recent Advances and Prospects in Skin-Integrated Electronics: Flexible Sensing Systems for Robotics, Human-Machine

Xupeng Lu¹, Haosong Zhong¹, Siyu Chen¹

¹Division of Integrative Systems and Design, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|May 22, 2026

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Researchers reviewed flexible electronic skins for sensing mechanical stimuli. They analyzed materials and designs for optimal sensitivity and compliance, highlighting applications in health monitoring and robotics.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Biomedical Engineering
Robotics

Background:

Biological skin is a complex organ enabling essential sensory functions.
Inspired by skin, flexible electronic sensing systems are crucial for robotics, human-machine interaction, and health monitoring.
These systems require integrated sensing components and circuits for signal acquisition and processing.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review sensing components for mechanical stimuli (pressing, stretching, bending, twisting).
To evaluate material selection and optimization strategies based on transduction mechanisms (capacitive, piezoelectric, resistive, triboelectric).
To investigate flexible electrode and circuit designs, and advancements in deformation-invariant conductive materials.

Main Methods:

Keywords:

biomimetic materials electronic skins health monitoring human–machine interaction motion detection robotics sensors wearable electronics

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Fabrication and Characterization of a Conformal Skin-like Electronic System for Quantitative, Cutaneous Wound Management

Fabrication and Characterization of a Conformal Skin-like Electronic System for Quantitative, Cutaneous Wound Management

Published on: September 2, 2015

Systematic literature review of sensing components and materials for flexible electronic skins.

Analysis of various transduction mechanisms for mechanical stimuli detection.

Survey of electrode and circuit designs, and conductive material properties.

Main Results:

Flexible sensing systems balance sensitivity and mechanical compliance through strategic material selection and design.
Various transduction mechanisms (capacitive, piezoelectric, resistive, triboelectric) are employed for mechanical sensing.
Progress in deformation-invariant conductive materials and specific applications like electrophysiological and physicochemical sensing are detailed.

Conclusions:

Advancements in flexible electronic skins offer significant potential for intelligent systems.
Material development and optimization are key to enhancing performance for diverse applications.
Future research should focus on overcoming current challenges to realize next-generation electronic skins.