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Updated: May 23, 2026

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
Published on: March 3, 2023
The effect of large air pollution exposure on chronic rhinitis
C Abi Zeid Daou1, I Carapiperis1, J Ghadieh2
1Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Abstract:
On August 4th, 2020, Beirut witnessed the largest non-nuclear explosion in modern history. The explosion resulted in the release of large amounts of gases and particulate matters (PM) including ammonia and nitrogen oxides (NOx), as well as pure oxygen (O2). NO2 conversion into nitric and nitrous acids has been shown to damage the alveolar structure in distal airways. The goal of this study is to investigate the early and late, subjec-tive and objective, effects of the explosion and particulate mat-ter exposure on the upper airway, specifically chronic rhinitis.
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