Protein-Protein Interaction as an Efficient Target to Inhibit HIV-1 Integrase

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a major global health concern, affecting nearly 40 million people worldwide. Therefore, discovering new therapeutic targets against HIV is still a continued demand. HIV integrase, an essential enzyme that mediates the integration of viral DNA into the host genome, represents a key target for antiretroviral therapy. HIV integrase inhibitors are mainly divided into two classes: integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), which act on the enzyme's active site, and allosteric integrase inhibitors (ALLINIs), which bind to a distinct site formed through interaction with the host protein lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75). LEDGF/p75 is a host cellular cofactor that plays a pivotal role in regulating integrase function. This review examines the structure and functional importance of LEDGF/p75 in HIV-1 integrase activity, alongside the development and progress of inhibitors targeting the integrase-LEDGF/p75 interaction.