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Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata

Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata

During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.

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Updated: May 23, 2026

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Diffusion-based dynamic stomatal opening measurement at milli-scale: Toward in-field distributive deployment.

Zezhou Zhang¹, Shuangliang Li², Aobo Huang³

¹Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|May 22, 2026

Summary

A new low-cost device measures plant stomatal dynamics at the milli-scale. This technology accurately quantifies water vapor transpiration, offering insights into plant productivity and water use efficiency.

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Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method (EFM)

Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method (EFM)

Published on: December 31, 2012

Area of Science:

Plant physiology
Environmental science
Biophysics

Background:

Stomata regulate CO2 uptake and water transpiration, crucial for plant productivity.
Existing methods for measuring stomatal behavior are often expensive, not field-deployable, or measure averaged steady-state conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a low-cost, lightweight methodology for measuring stomatal dynamics at the milli-scale.
To accurately quantify water vapor transpiration rates during stomatal opening events.

Main Methods:

Utilized a gas diffusion model with two miniaturized humidity sensors.
Created a milli-scale closed environment using a transparent tube chamber.
Measured transpiration rates in response to light changes in tobacco and lettuce.

Main Results:

Successfully measured dynamic stomatal characteristics under varying light conditions.
Demonstrated accurate quantification of water vapor transpiration rates.
Observed distinct differences in stomatal dynamics between tobacco and lettuce samples.

Conclusions:

The developed methodology and device enable accurate, large-scale, in-field measurement of stomatal dynamics.
This technology provides valuable data for understanding plant responses to environmental changes.
The findings highlight species-specific variations in stomatal behavior.