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Proximal Outcome of Leadership Development: Changes in Leadership Self-Efficacy Following Leader Development Training
Emily S Becker1,2,3,4,5,6, Jacob Lum1,2,3,4,5,6, Jordan Mousley1,2,3,4,5,6
1Emily S. Becker is the Assistant Professor, Assistant Chair of Communications, Development, and Alumni Relations, Director of Leadership Hub of NU-CHAPTER Lab at the Department of Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL ( emily.becker@northwestern.edu ). Please address all correspondence to Emily S. Becker.
Journal, Physical Therapy Education
|May 22, 2026
Summary
Leadership development training significantly boosted leader self-efficacy in physical therapy professionals. These improvements in self-efficacy were sustained for at least six months post-training.
Area of Science:
- Health Care Management
- Professional Development
- Physical Therapy
Background:
- Leadership development (LD) is crucial for healthcare leaders navigating future challenges.
- Measuring LD outcomes is essential to ensure program effectiveness.
- Leader self-efficacy is a key proximal outcome of LD, but under-researched in physical therapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the proximal learning outcome of leader self-efficacy following the LAMP Leadership 101 program.
- To evaluate changes in leader self-efficacy among healthcare professionals undergoing leadership training.
Main Methods:
- A quantitative study involving 30 healthcare professionals.
- A 36-item survey including the Leader Efficacy Questionnaire (LEQ) administered at three time points: pre-course, 2 weeks post-training, and 6 months post-training.
- Inferential statistics (difference of least squares means) were used to analyze changes in leader self-efficacy.
Main Results:
- Leader self-efficacy significantly increased after LD training (p < .01 pre vs. 2 weeks; p = .01 pre vs. 6 months).
- No significant difference was observed between the 2-week and 6-month post-training time points (p = .62).
- Self-regulation efficacy, a subcategory of the LEQ, also significantly increased post-training (p < .01 pre vs. 2 weeks; p < .01 pre vs. 6 months).
Conclusions:
- LD training effectively enhances leader self-efficacy in physical therapy professionals.
- The observed increases in leader self-efficacy suggest potential improvements in leadership competency, attitudes, and beliefs.
- The sustained self-efficacy levels at 6 months indicate that these proximal gains may represent long-term outcomes of LD.
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