Pulse Discovery Toolkit, a Multicomponent Nutrition Intervention for Preschool Children in Childcare Centers: Mixed...

Children's eating habits are formed at an early age, making childhood a crucial period for introducing novel foods, such as pulse-based food products. Pulse Discovery Toolkit (PDTK) intervention was designed to increase familiarity with pulses and to eventually contribute to the consumption of pulse-based foods among preschool children in childcare centers (CCs).

To determine PDTK's impact on knowledge, acceptability, and consumption of pulse-based foods among preschool children attending CCs, and to assess its feasibility and acceptability by early childhood educators (ECE) and cooks. The nutrient contents and food group servings of pulse-based intervention recipes in the PDTK were also compared with regular CC recipes.

The PDTK intervention was delivered over a 3-month period in 2 CCs in Saskatoon (50 children, 8 staff). The intervention, which integrated taste exposure and nutrition education, consisted of 12 child-friendly weekly lessons, a food service guide for cooks, 15 recipes for pulse-based foods, 4 intervention recipes incorporated in the CC menu, and 4 parent newsletters. Mixed methods were used with pre- and postintervention knowledge tests, plate waste measurement, sensory evaluation, ECE and cook's perspective, and nutrient content comparison of the intervention and control foods from the regular childcare menu to evaluate the intervention's impact.

Improvements in correct identification of chickpeas (2/21 [10%] at preintervention to 7/21 [33%] at postintervention, P=.074), beans (8/21 [38%] to 11/21 [52%], P=.68), and peas (6/21 [27%] to 8/21 [38%], P=.61) were not statistically significant. Children consumed higher amounts of the regular recipes (293.54, SD 27.65; 178.46, SD 24.33) than the intervention recipes (211.56, SD 25.61; 108.83, SD 21.97) at both times, respectively. However, at the end of the intervention, significant differences were only observed in the amount of total food consumption (P=.049) and the protein content (P=.04) when consumption proportion was examined, with both being higher for the control recipes in comparison to the intervention recipes. The majority (92% and 72%) of the children rated the refried bean wrap and lentil smoothie, "yummy," respectively. Most of the intervention recipes have lower energy, fat, and sodium content compared with the regular CC recipes. Findings from ECE semistructured interviews and the lesson plan evaluations revealed that the ECEs reacted favorably to the curriculum. The cooks from the participating CCs did not report any barriers to cooking pulses in their facility. However, the need for modification to make the recipes easier to cook in CCs was noted in our study.

With a few modifications to make some of the lessons more age-appropriate and some of the recipes easier to cook, it is feasible to implement the PDTK in CCs in order to promote regular consumption of pulses.