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Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing
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Dynamic gaze processing: robust N170 for direct gaze and task-dependent N2pc effects.

Nicolas Burra1, Océane Lauret1

  • 1Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Éducation, Université de Genève, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
|May 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eye gaze perception involves two stages: early, automatic encoding of eye contact and later, flexible attention selection. Gaze processing is robust perceptually but context-dependent for attention.

Keywords:
EEGN2pcattentiongaze perceptionsocial relevance

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Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Eye gaze is crucial for social interaction, but its processing (automatic vs. context-dependent) is debated.
  • Previous research lacks a clear understanding of how dynamic gaze influences early perception and later attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of dynamic eye gaze on early perceptual encoding (N170) and attentional selection (N2pc) using EEG.
  • To determine whether gaze effects are automatic or modulated by task relevance and context.

Main Methods:

  • Three EEG experiments were conducted with participants viewing faces with shifting gaze (toward/away).
  • Event-related potentials (ERPs), specifically N170 and N2pc, were analyzed.
  • Task relevance of eye contact was manipulated across experiments.

Main Results:

  • Gaze toward the observer consistently elicited larger N170 amplitudes than gaze away, irrespective of context, indicating robust early encoding.
  • N2pc amplitudes were modulated by task relevance, showing stronger effects when gaze was important and reduced effects otherwise.
  • N170 remained stable across contexts, while N2pc effects showed a graded decrease with reduced relevance, and were absent when gaze was irrelevant.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic gaze perception follows a two-stage process: context-independent early perceptual encoding and context-dependent later attentional selection.
  • Findings support a refined model where gaze processing is perceptually robust but attentionally flexible, suggesting conditional rather than automatic effects.