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Genetic and pathogenic characterization of a Korean NADC30-like PRRSV strain associated with high fever and mortality

Sehyeong Ham1, Jeongmin Suh1, Hyejin Na1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.

Veterinary Microbiology
|May 22, 2026
PubMed

Insights

A novel Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) strain, SNUVP2405, from Korea exhibits high virulence. This NADC30-like strain causes significant mortality and widespread tissue damage in piglets, highlighting pathogenic diversity.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Animal Pathology
  • Molecular Epidemiology

Background:

  • Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) poses a significant threat to swine health and global pork production.
  • NADC30-like strains have emerged as a concerning lineage, necessitating detailed characterization of newly isolated variants.
  • Understanding the genetic and pathogenic features of PRRSV is crucial for developing effective control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the genomic and pathogenic properties of a newly isolated PRRSV strain, SNUVP2405, from Korea.
  • To determine the lineage and specific genetic markers of the SNUVP2405 strain.
  • To assess the clinical, immunological, and pathological outcomes of infection with SNUVP2405 in a piglet model.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome sequencing to determine the genetic lineage and identify characteristic mutations.
  • Pathogenicity study in 3-week-old piglets to evaluate clinical signs, mortality, and weight gain.
  • Serum cytokine analysis (TNF-α) to assess inflammatory responses.
  • Post-mortem examination including histopathology and detection of viral RNA/antigen in various tissues.

Main Results:

  • SNUVP2405 was identified as an NADC30-like lineage (L1C) strain with a characteristic discontinuous deletion in the NSP2 region.
  • Experimental infection resulted in high fever, diarrhea, reduced weight gain, interstitial pneumonia, and 16.7% mortality.
  • Sustained elevation of TNF-α was observed, and viral RNA/antigen spread to multiple organs including the brain and thymus.
  • Pathological findings included thymic atrophy and mild brain lesions, resembling highly virulent PRRSV strains.

Conclusions:

  • The Korean NADC30-like PRRSV strain SNUVP2405 exhibits high pathogenicity and virulence, similar to other severe PRRSV strains.
  • This study reveals significant pathogenic diversity among Korean NADC30-like PRRSV strains.
  • Continuous genomic and pathogenic surveillance is essential for effective PRRSV control in swine populations.
Keywords:
NADC30-like lineagePRRSVPathogenicityPigletsWhole-genome sequencing

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