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Published on: August 15, 2025

Entrustable Professional Activities for Head and Neck Surgery Residents: A Consensus Model.

Mario Augusto Ferrari de Castro1, Rogerio Aparecido Dedivitis2, Fátima Cristina Mendes de Matos3

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculdade Medicina, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil.

Journal of Surgical Education
|May 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A standardized framework of 18 entrustable professional activities (EPAs) was developed for Head and Neck Surgery residency training. This consensus-based approach enhances resident evaluation and patient safety.

Keywords:
Delphi methodeducationhead and neck surgerypatient safety/quality improvementprofessional competenceresidency and internship

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

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Published on: August 15, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Training
  • Competency-Based Education

Background:

  • Head and Neck Surgery residency requires standardized training objectives.
  • Current evaluation methods may lack comprehensive assessment of resident progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a consensus-based set of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for Head and Neck Surgery residency.
  • To create a standardized framework for competency assessment in surgical education.

Main Methods:

  • Modified Delphi methodology employed over two rounds.
  • Expert consensus achieved with an 85% agreement threshold.
  • Involved eight expert Head and Neck Surgeons from Brazilian academic institutions.

Main Results:

  • Consensus reached on 18 specific Entrustable Professional Activities for Head and Neck Surgery.
  • Each EPA mapped to core surgical competencies and five entrustment levels.
  • Entrustment levels range from observation to independent practice.

Conclusions:

  • A consensus-based EPA framework for Head and Neck Surgery residency was established.
  • The EPAs facilitate competency-based assessment and progressive entrustment.
  • This framework can improve resident evaluation and patient safety in surgical training.