Regulatory mechanisms of LGR4 on cancer and cancer stem cell properties

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Molecular Biology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Leucine-rich repeats containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) is a key receptor in G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily.
• LGR4 is activated by ligands like R-spondins (RSPOs), Norrin, and RANKL, regulating critical signaling pathways.
• It plays essential roles in organ development and maintenance, controlling cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the expression and functional roles of LGR4 in various tumors.
• To elucidate the molecular mechanisms governed by LGR4 in cancer.
• To examine the intricate relationship between LGR4, tumor stem cells, and chemotherapy resistance.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on LGR4 in cancer.
• Analysis of LGR4's involvement in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis.
• Investigation of LGR4's role in regulating tumor stem cell populations and self-renewal.

Main Results:

• LGR4 is implicated in the progression, invasion, and metastasis of multiple cancers (colorectal, breast, prostate, lung, skin).
• LGR4 significantly influences tumor stem cell populations, modulating their self-renewal and stemness characteristics.
• LGR4 is linked to chemotherapy resistance in various cancer types.

Conclusions:

• LGR4 is a critical regulator in tumor development and progression.
• Targeting LGR4 may offer novel therapeutic strategies for cancer, particularly concerning tumor stem cells and resistance.
• Further research into LGR4's mechanisms is crucial for advancing cancer treatment.