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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells
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Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells

Published on: August 1, 2025

Nano-Therapeutics for In Vivo Immune Cell Engineering.

Yuanyuan Geng1, Ziqi Wang1, Xiaoyun Liu1

  • 1Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Small Methods
|May 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

In vivo immune cell engineering offers advantages over ex vivo methods but faces challenges. Nanotherapeutics show promise for overcoming these barriers and advancing clinical applications.

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology
  • Nanomedicine

Background:

  • Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy exemplifies immune cell engineering's success in treating diseases, especially cancers.
  • Ex vivo immune cell editing has advanced significantly, but in vivo engineering, despite potential benefits like lower costs, lags behind.
  • In vivo approaches encounter hurdles in targeting specificity, editing efficiency, and long-term safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advantages of in vivo over ex vivo immune cell engineering.
  • To discuss recent advancements in nanotherapeutics for in vivo immune cell engineering.
  • To highlight applications of these strategies across various diseases and examine clinical translation barriers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on nano-strategies for in vivo immune cell engineering.
Keywords:
biomaterialdrug deliveryimmune cell engineeringimmunotherapynanomedicine

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  • Analysis of current research progress and challenges in the field.
  • Examination of clinical translation hurdles and future perspectives.

    • Main Results:

    • In vivo immune cell engineering presents significant advantages over ex vivo methods, including simplified manufacturing and reduced costs.
    • Nanotherapeutics are emerging as key tools to overcome biological barriers and enhance in vivo immune cell engineering.
    • Successful applications are being explored across diverse disease areas, demonstrating the broad potential of these approaches.

    Conclusions:

    • Nanotherapeutics are crucial for addressing the limitations of in vivo immune cell engineering, such as specificity and efficiency.
    • Overcoming barriers to clinical translation is essential for realizing the full potential of in vivo immune cell engineering.
    • Future developments in nano-strategies hold promise for revolutionizing disease treatment through enhanced in vivo immune cell manipulation.