Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 24, 2026

Clinical Application of Phase Angle and BIVA Z-Score Analyses in Patients Admitted to an Emergency Department with Acute Heart Failure
Published on: June 30, 2023
AI-Based Prediction of Clinical Deterioration in Hospitalised Cardiac Patients
Kean Lee Kang1, Victoria Blake1, Heidi Welberry1
1Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Introduction:
The rules based Between the Flags (BTF) system has been the mainstay of early warning of clinical deterioration in public hospitals in New South Wales, Australia.
Methods:
A retrospective observational study compared BTF with an artificial intelligence (AI) model using gradient boosted trees with features augmented by time derivatives.
Results:
The results showed that the AI model was able to provide several hours of additional warning time before adverse events.
Conclusion:
AI-based early warning systems may outperform standard care.
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