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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Updated: May 24, 2026

Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells
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Published on: August 1, 2025

Reprogramming the Immune Landscape of Inflammatory Breast Cancer.

Verena Martinez-Rodriguez1,2, Suguru Ogata1,2, Xiaoping Wang1,2

  • 1Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|May 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is aggressive, with poor outcomes due to its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Novel strategies targeting immune evasion are crucial for improving treatment efficacy in this challenging cancer.

Keywords:
immune checkpoint inhibitorsimmune evasionimmunotherapyinflammatory breast cancerprogrammed cell death ligand 1translational oncologytumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype with poor prognosis.
  • IBC is characterized by rapid progression, early metastasis, and resistance to therapy.
  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) in IBC is immunosuppressive, promoting immune evasion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immunobiology of IBC, including mechanisms of immune evasion.
  • To identify barriers to effective anti-tumor immunity in IBC.
  • To outline strategies for reprogramming the IBC TME towards an immunoactive state.

Main Methods:

  • Review of mechanistic and clinical studies on IBC immunobiology.
  • Analysis of multi-omics and spatial transcriptomic data.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging immunotherapy clinical trials in IBC.

Main Results:

  • IBC TME promotes immune evasion via cytokine signaling, immune checkpoint overexpression, and tumor emboli.
  • Immune heterogeneity exists within IBC, impacting immunotherapy response.
  • Current clinical trials show promise but are limited by cohort size and diagnostic criteria.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating immune biomarkers (PD-L1, TMB, clonality, spatial signatures) can improve patient stratification.
  • Combination immunotherapy and adaptive trial designs are essential for advancing IBC treatment.
  • Reprogramming the TME is key to overcoming therapeutic resistance and improving outcomes for IBC patients.