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Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

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Published on: April 10, 2018

Organometallic Frameworks for Efficient Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction Reactions.

Yu-Luan Zhang^1,2, Wei-Xuan Chen¹, Hui Guo¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|May 23, 2026

Summary

New organometallic frameworks with carbon-silver bonds boost electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to valuable chemicals. These materials show high efficiency and conductivity, advancing CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) technologies.

Keywords:

Ag CO2 electrocatalysis metal‐carbon bonds metal‐organic frameworks organometallic

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) using renewable electricity is a key strategy for CO2 reduction and energy storage.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) catalysts due to their structure and surface area, but suffer from low conductivity.
Enhancing electron transfer and CO2 activation in MOFs is crucial for improving CO2RR performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize novel organometallic frameworks with enhanced CO2RR performance.
To investigate the role of Metal-C bonds and specific coordination motifs in improving catalytic activity.
To achieve high current densities and selectivity in CO2 electroreduction.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of two organometallic frameworks featuring direct carbon-silver (Metal-C) connectivity.
Characterization of the electronic structure and coordination motifs (σ-π) within the frameworks.
Electrocatalytic testing for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) performance evaluation, including current densities and Faraday efficiencies.

Main Results:

The synthesized frameworks exhibit enhanced electron transfer capability and CO2 activation due to the σ-π coordination motif.
Exceptional CO Faraday efficiencies (FE_CO) exceeding 90% were achieved at industrially relevant current densities (> 500 mA cm⁻²).
Performance surpasses most previously reported MOF-based CO2RR catalysts.

Conclusions:

Organometallic frameworks with Metal-C bonds offer a novel design strategy for efficient CO2 electroreduction.
The developed materials demonstrate significant potential for practical industrial CO2 electroreduction processes.
This work paves the way for advanced catalysts in carbon capture and utilization technologies.