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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect
05:23

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

Published on: April 14, 2026

Injectable Silk Fibroin/Tannic Acid Hydrogel with Dual Factors for Meniscus Repair.

Mingxue Chen1, Hao Wang1,2, Zhijie Zhao3

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Tissue Engineering. Part A
|May 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study developed an injectable hydrogel using silk fibroin and tannic acid to deliver growth factors for meniscus repair. The novel hydrogel promotes stem cell differentiation and enhances tissue regeneration in animal models.

Keywords:
MohawkTGF-β3injectable hydrogelmeniscus regenerationsilk fibroin

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Clinical meniscus repair faces challenges with scaffold implantation and directing stem cell differentiation.
  • Existing tissue engineering strategies struggle to achieve stable meniscal phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an injectable hydrogel system for meniscus regeneration.
  • To investigate the synergistic effects of transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) and Mohawk (MKX) on stem cell differentiation and meniscus repair.
  • To evaluate the potential of this cell-free therapeutic strategy for osteoarthritis modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an injectable silk fibroin/tannic acid (SF/TA) hydrogel with shear-thinning properties.
  • Co-delivery of TGF-β3 and MKX via the SF/TA hydrogel with sustained release over 35 days.
  • Assessment of stem cell differentiation, gene expression (COL1A1, COL2A1, aggrecan, MMP13, IL-6, RUNX2), and *in vivo* efficacy in a rabbit meniscus tear model.

Main Results:

  • The SF/TA hydrogel exhibited enhanced stability and injectable properties.
  • MKX attenuated TGF-β3-induced stem cell hypertrophy, promoting a fibrochondrocyte phenotype.
  • The dual-factor hydrogel significantly improved extracellular matrix deposition, structural repair, and biomechanical properties in rabbit meniscus tears.
  • Downregulation of osteoarthritis-related genes was observed under inflammatory conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The injectable SF/TA hydrogel system effectively co-delivers TGF-β3 and MKX for functional meniscus regeneration.
  • This cell-free platform demonstrates potential for clinical translation in meniscus repair and osteoarthritis management.
  • The synergistic action of TGF-β3 and MKX offers a promising strategy for directing stem cell fate and enhancing tissue repair.