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Drought Amplifies Polymer-Specific Microplastic Toxicity in Maize by Reshaping Soil-Plant-Microbe Interactions.

Hamra Tariq1, Ruiying Shi1, Weitao Liu1

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|May 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Drought severely impacts maize, with microplastics like polyethylene (PE) and polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) worsening stress. PBAT intensified drought effects, altering soil nitrogen dynamics and microbial communities more than PE.

Keywords:
droughtmicroplasticsoxidative stresspolymer-specific effectrhizosphere metabolomics

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Microplastics (MPs) and drought are significant co-stressors in agriculture.
  • Understanding polymer-specific interactions in soil-plant-microbe systems under combined stress is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of polyethylene (PE) and biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) on maize plants under drought conditions.
  • To investigate the impact of these microplastics on soil nitrogen dynamics and microbial communities.

Main Methods:

  • Maize was grown under drought conditions with either PE or PBAT microplastics.
  • Measurements included plant biomass, gas exchange, oxidative stress markers, soil nitrate levels, urease activity, rhizosphere metabolomics, and microbial community analysis.

Main Results:

  • Drought significantly reduced maize biomass and gas exchange.
  • Microplastics intensified drought stress, with PBAT causing greater reductions in transpiration and biomass, and increasing oxidative stress.
  • PBAT altered soil nitrogen dynamics, increasing nitrate levels under drought, while both MPs suppressed urease activity.
  • Rhizosphere analyses revealed shifts in carbon metabolism and microbial taxa adapted to drought.

Conclusions:

  • Drought is the primary stressor, but microplastic type significantly modulates plant and soil responses.
  • Biodegradable PBAT can exacerbate drought stress and alter soil nitrogen cycling differently than conventional PE.
  • Microplastics disrupt soil functions and influence microbial community structure under drought, with implications for agricultural sustainability.