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Additive Manufacturing of Ordered Polymer Nanostructures.

Di Wu¹, Kun Zhou¹, Kenny Lee¹

¹School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|May 23, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new 3D printing method, Polymerization-Induced Arrangement of Nanostructures with Order-tunability (PIANO), to create ordered nanostructures in printed materials. PIANO enables tunable nanoscale ordering for advanced functional systems.

Keywords:

3D printing block copolymers nanostructures photopolymerization self‐assembly

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Additive Manufacturing

Background:

Additive manufacturing (3D printing) enables complex geometries but struggles with integrating ordered nanostructures.
Vat photopolymerization often traps block copolymers in disordered states due to rapid crosslinking.
Achieving long-range ordered nanostructures in 3D printed materials is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a strategy for integrating long-range ordered nanostructures into 3D printed materials.
To overcome the kinetic mismatch between nanoscale ordering and network formation in vat photopolymerization.
To enable tunable control over nanostructure morphology and domain spacing.

Main Methods:

Introduced Polymerization-Induced Arrangement of Nanostructures with Order-tunability (PIANO) strategy.
Utilized ethylene glycol as a mobility mediator to enhance polymer chain mobility for in situ ordering.
Maintained a hydrogen-bonding network to support 3D printing stresses.
Employed post-printing annealing with ethylene glycol acting as a latent crosslinker.

Main Results:

Achieved tunable lamellar and hexagonally packed cylindrical morphologies.
Controlled domain spacings ranging from 20-60 nm.
Successfully locked ordered nanostructures during post-printing annealing.
Enhanced macroscopic mechanical strength of the printed materials.

Conclusions:

PIANO reconciles the timescales of molecular self-assembly and additive manufacturing.
This strategy provides a robust platform for hierarchical design of functional systems.
The method allows for precise control over nanostructure formation within 3D printed objects.