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Enhancing nutritional, functional, and sensory qualities of whole-wheat bread via Bacillus subtilis SH-mediated fiber
Maosi Fan1, Shikun Lin1, Xuelian He1
1Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China.
Abstract:
Although nutritious, bran weakens dough, making whole-wheat bread dense, coarse, and dark. This study investigated a cellulase-producing Bacillus subtilis SH strain to enhance whole-wheat bread quality. SH exhibited strong cellulase and xylanase activities, converting insoluble dietary fiber into soluble fiber and arabinoxylan. This structural modification improved in vitro water-holding (+ 67%), oil-holding (+ 86%), and cholesterol adsorption (+ 39%) capacities, while increasing extractable phenolics. Furthermore, SH fermentation promoted conditions favorable for gluten network maintenance, improving dough structure. Optimal conditions produced bread with higher specific volume (+ 19%), porosity (+ 21%), elasticity, and reduced hardness (- 23%). Volatile profiling identified 36 volatile compounds, including elevated isoamyl butyrate and benzaldehyde, enhancing aroma and flavor. Overall, B. subtilis SH fermentation improved nutritional and quality attributes and enhanced in vitro functional indices, providing an effective bioprocessing strategy for developing high-fiber baked products with better consumer appeal.
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