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Oogenesis

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

Published on: May 9, 2021

Rethinking the route of oocyte retrieval: when one procedure does not fit all.

Laura Melado¹, Barbara Lawrenz², Human Fatemi¹

¹IVF Department, ART Fertility Clinics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Reproductive Biomedicine Online

|May 23, 2026

Summary

Transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval is standard for fertility preservation. Alternative routes like transabdominal, transrectal, and laparoscopic methods offer viable options when transvaginal access is not feasible, ensuring patient-centered care.

Keywords:

Assisted Reproductive Technology Oocyte retrieval Personalised Reproductive Medicine Transrectal oocyte retrieval fertility preservation

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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

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The Immediate Partial Removal of Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes: A Refined Approach for Rapid Observation of In Vitro Fertilization

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Published on: October 18, 2024

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
Ultrasound-Guided Procedures

Background:

Transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval is the established standard for assisted reproduction.
Anatomical, surgical, or cultural factors can limit transvaginal access for oocyte retrieval.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss alternative oocyte retrieval methods beyond the standard transvaginal approach.
To advocate for a broader procedural repertoire in reproductive medicine.

Main Methods:

Review of established alternative oocyte retrieval techniques: transabdominal, transrectal, and laparoscopic.
Discussion of factors influencing the choice of oocyte retrieval route.

Main Results:

Transabdominal, transrectal, and laparoscopic routes are evidence-based alternatives to transvaginal oocyte retrieval.
These alternative routes provide feasible options when transvaginal access is challenging.

Conclusions:

Reproductive medicine should consider a wider range of oocyte retrieval techniques.
Offering diverse procedural options allows for customized fertility treatments for a global patient population.