Workplace Incivility and Nurses' Job Satisfaction and Leaving Intentions in Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Workplace incivility is a pervasive challenge in healthcare. Few studies drew on theoretical concepts to simultaneously examine organisational correlates of incivility and its associations with nurses' work outcomes.

This study examined workplace incivility among nurses, focusing on job control, psychological job demands and workplace justice as workplace characteristics, and assessing its association with job satisfaction and intentions to leave.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 528 full-time nurses at a medical centre in Taiwan. Validated questionnaires assessed workplace incivility (the Workplace Incivility Scale), workplace characteristics, job satisfaction and intentions to leave. Multivariable linear regression examined associations of workplace characteristics with incivility, and associations of incivility with job satisfaction and intentions to leave, adjusting for demographic and workplace factors.

High workplace incivility was reported by 41.1% of nurses. In adjusted analyses, lower job control and lower workplace justice were associated with higher incivility scores. After adjustment for demographic and workplace factors, workplace incivility was negatively associated with job satisfaction and positively associated with leaving intentions. Among workplace characteristics, psychological job demands showed strong associations with both job satisfaction and leaving intentions.

Workplace incivility reflects underlying organisational conditions and is associated with lower job satisfaction and greater leaving intentions. Addressing job demands, autonomy and fairness may reduce incivility and sustain the nursing workforce.

Workplace incivility is associated with lower job satisfaction and greater leaving intentions, and may co-occur with lower job control and perceived organisational justice, highlighting the need for organisational strategies that foster fairness and supportive work environments to enhance nurse retention.

The authors adhered to the STROBE guidelines.

No patient or public involvement.