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Ti₃C₂T_x (MXene)-Polystyrene Based Passivation for Perovskite Solar Cells With Enhanced Stability.

Selengesuren Suragtkhuu¹, Purevlkham Myagmarsereejid¹, Isaac Etchells²

¹School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|May 24, 2026

Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel passivation layer using 2D Ti3C2Tx (MXene) and polystyrene (PS) to enhance perovskite solar cell (PSC) stability and performance. This PSMX layer significantly improves charge transfer and moisture resistance, leading to higher efficiency and long-term operational stability.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Renewable Energy
Nanotechnology

Background:

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a rapidly advancing photovoltaic technology.
Long-term durability and stability are critical challenges hindering PSC commercialization.
Surface passivation is a key strategy to mitigate defects and enhance PSC performance and longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel passivation layer for PSCs using 2D Ti3C2Tx (MXene) and polystyrene (PS).
To enhance the stability, charge transfer, and overall performance of perovskite solar cells.
To investigate the effectiveness of combining conductive 2D materials with hydrophobic polymers for PSC surface passivation.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a passivation layer using few-layer 2D Ti3C2Tx (MXene) sheets and hydrophobic polystyrene (PS).

Keywords:

MXene perovskite solar cells photovoltaic polystyrene surface passivation

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Characterization of the passivation layer's effect on perovskite film crystallinity, surface defects, and charge transport.

Fabrication and testing of PSC devices with the novel PSMX passivation layer.

Evaluation of device performance (PCE) and long-term operational stability under ambient conditions.

Main Results:

The PSMX passivation layer improved PSC crystallinity and reduced surface defects.
Enhanced charge transfer was observed due to the conductive nanoscale domains of MXene.
PSMX-passivated PSCs achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.01%.
Unencapsulated devices retained over 93% of their initial PCE after 30 days of aging in ambient conditions (40%-50% RH).

Conclusions:

The integration of conductive 2D MXene sheets with hydrophobic PS provides an effective strategy for surface passivation of PSCs.
The developed PSMX passivation layer significantly enhances both the efficiency and operational stability of perovskite solar cells.
This approach offers a practical pathway towards achieving high-performance and durable perovskite solar cells for commercial applications.