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Updated: May 26, 2026

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
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Published on: April 7, 2020

Classifying weekday-weekend sleep pattern subtypes via latent class analysis: Associations with daytime functioning.

Fan-Chi Hsiao1, Hsiu-Ting Yu2,3, Jiunn-Horng Kang3,4,5

  • 1Department of Counseling, Clinical and Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Chronobiology International
|May 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extreme weekend sleep shifts, characterized by social jet lag and weekend catch-up sleep, are linked to increased sleepiness and depressive symptoms. Modest weekend sleep changes, however, did not show negative associations in this study.

Keywords:
Sleep deprivationcatch-up sleepcircadian rhythmslatent class analysissocial jet lag

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep science
  • Chronobiology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Weekday-weekend sleep patterns often differ, involving weekend catch-up sleep (wCUS) and social jet lag (SJL).
  • Understanding these distinct sleep patterns and their health implications is crucial for public health.
  • Previous research has not simultaneously examined both sleep timing and duration differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify distinct patterns of weekday-weekend sleep differences using latent class analysis.
  • To explore associations between these sleep patterns and chronotype, sleep disturbance, and well-being.
  • To investigate the impact of social jet lag and weekend catch-up sleep on daytime functioning.

Main Methods:

  • Latent class analysis was used to identify distinct sleep pattern groups.
  • An online survey assessed sleep patterns, chronotype, sleepiness, fatigue, depressive symptoms, and stress in 850 adults.
  • Participants were adults aged 20-55 without diagnosed sleep or psychiatric disorders or shift work.

Main Results:

  • Four distinct sleep pattern classes were identified: Regular Sleepers, Mild Weekend Shift Sleepers, Moderate Weekend Shift Sleepers, and Extreme Weekend Shift Sleepers.
  • The Extreme Weekend Shift Sleepers group reported significantly higher levels of sleepiness, depressive emotions, and insomnia symptoms.
  • No significant differences in symptoms were found among the Regular, Mild, and Moderate Weekend Shift Sleepers groups.

Conclusions:

  • Extreme weekend sleep shifts are associated with poorer symptom profiles, potentially due to combined effects of timing delays and weekday sleep restriction.
  • Modest weekend sleep extensions or timing shifts were not correlated with adverse symptoms in this sample.
  • Further longitudinal research is needed to confirm these associations and understand the causal relationships.