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Updated: May 26, 2026

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
Published on: October 17, 2013
[Impact of Closed System Drug Transfer Device Architecture on Medical Waste Reduction - A Comparative Analysis of
Yasunari Okuda1, Takahiro Saito, Yuki Mikame
1Dept. of Pharmacy, Jichi Medical University Hospital.
Abstract:
Closed system drug transfer devices (CSTDs) are recommended to minimize occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs, yet their bulky components may increase medical waste. To compare waste volume/weight, greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions, and disposal cost between filter-based and barrier-based CSTDs under real-world workload. A simulated preparation of 93 inpatient/outpatient chemotherapy cases (322 vials, 342 syringes) was performed using 2 filter CSTDs (Chemo-SafeLockTM and Chemfort®) and 1 barrier CSTD (PhaSealTM). Used components were shaken vertically in a 40-L container (2.5 Hz, 60 s) to determine packed volume and weight. Daily differences were extrapolated to the annual hospital activity (93 preparations × 246 days). Costs and GHG reductions were calculated with national disposal parameters. Filter CSTDs reduced waste volume by 27.9% (84.0 ± 2.3 L vs 114.4 L, p<0.01) without significant weight change. Full conversion would save 187 pails (7.5 kL), 1.06 million JPY, and 0.60 t-CO2e annually. Filter CSTDs provides equivalent containment while markedly decreasing waste and environmental impact, supporting their preferential adoption in sustainable oncology practice.
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Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...
