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Parental Knowledge and Recognition of Preschool Manifestations of ADHD in Preterm Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Özge Serçe Pehlevan1, Burcu Kardaş2, Kübra Yıldız3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
|May 25, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Parents of preterm infants show low recognition of preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, especially impulsivity. Educational interventions are needed to improve early ADHD identification and support child development.

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Pediatric Health

Background:

  • Preterm birth is a significant risk factor for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • Early identification of ADHD in preschool-aged children is critical for academic and social development.
  • Current preschool ADHD identification relies heavily on parental observation, presenting a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate parental knowledge of ADHD.
  • To assess the recognition of preschool ADHD symptoms in a high-risk preterm population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 138 parents of preterm children attending a tertiary outpatient clinic.
  • A validated questionnaire assessed general ADHD knowledge and recognition of preschool ADHD manifestations.
  • Responses were scored and converted to a 0-100 scale.

Main Results:

  • Overall parental recognition of preschool ADHD symptoms was low (median score 38/100), with particularly poor recognition of impulsivity (median 25/100).
  • General ADHD knowledge was also low (median 14/100).
  • Parents with a family history of ADHD showed higher inattention recognition, and teacher-parents scored higher on general ADHD knowledge.

Conclusions:

  • Parents of children born preterm demonstrate insufficient recognition of preschool ADHD symptoms, particularly impulsivity.
  • Targeted educational interventions are necessary to enhance early ADHD identification in this vulnerable population.
  • Improved early identification can lead to better developmental outcomes for children at risk for ADHD.
Abstract

Keywords:
attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorderearly diagnosishyperactivityimpulsivityinattentionparent awarenessprematurity

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