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Updated: May 26, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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Atomically Ru-Doped Co3O4 With Asymmetric Ru-O-Co Sites for High-Performance Chlorine Evolution.

Haiming Gong1, Zhenrui Ni1, Guoen Tang1

  • 1Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Atomically Ru-doped Co3O4 enhances chlorine production by optimizing intermediate adsorption-desorption. This engineered catalyst accelerates chlorine evolution kinetics, offering a highly efficient and selective alternative to traditional methods.

Keywords:
Cl2 selectivityasymmetric Ru–O–Co sitechlorine evolution reactionisolated Ru atomorbital modulation

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Electrochemical chlorine production is vital but limited by slow kinetics and poor intermediate management.
  • Existing catalysts struggle with intermediate adsorption-desorption dynamics, hindering efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel electrocatalyst for efficient chlorine evolution reaction (CER).
  • To investigate the role of atomically dispersed ruthenium (Ru) in cobalt oxide (Co3O4) for improved CER performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of atomically Ru-doped Co3O4 with asymmetric Ru-O-Co bridge sites.
  • In situ spectroscopic characterizations and first-principles calculations.
  • Electrochemical testing of RuOx-Co3O4 catalyst for CER.

Main Results:

  • Ru substitution modulated the electronic structure, weakening Co-Cl interactions and promoting labile Ru-Cl species.
  • Asymmetric sites facilitated rapid and reversible Cl adsorption-desorption, suppressing stable intermediates.
  • RuOx-Co3O4 demonstrated superior CER activity and selectivity (98.9%) at low Ru loading (1.64 wt.%).

Conclusions:

  • Asymmetric site engineering is an effective strategy for developing advanced CER electrocatalysts.
  • Atomically Ru-doped Co3O4 offers a promising pathway for highly efficient and selective chlorine production.
  • The Ru-dominant Volmer-Heyrovský pathway was accelerated due to reduced energy barriers.