Pulmonary Adenoleiomyomatous Hamartoma: Case Report of a Rare Entity With Comprehensive Literature Review

Pulmonary adenoleiomyomatous hamartomas represent a rare and intriguing entity in pulmonary pathology. This study presents a unique case of adenoleiomyomatous hamartoma along with a comprehensive analysis of 14 cases identified through a systematic review of the literature. A 69-year-old Caucasian female presented for evaluation of an incidentally discovered, PET nonavid and slow-growing pleural-based nodule in the medial aspect of the lower lobe of her right lung. The biopsy showed pulmonary parenchyma with chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and smooth muscle hyperplasia. Subsequently, a diagnosis of pulmonary adenoleiomyomatous hamartoma was made on wedge resection after the exclusion of differential diagnoses. The literature review suggests a mean age of 54.5 ± 3.5 years at diagnosis and male predominance with a male-to-female ratio of 6:1. Follow-up data on our patient and literature suggest a uniformly benign course. The key takeaways include the indolent radiologic growth pattern. From a pathologic standpoint, excluding mimics such as solitary fibrous tumor, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, PEComa, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, mesothelial proliferations, and IgG4-related diseases is crucial.