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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach
10:36

Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach

Published on: May 23, 2025

Radial- versus Ulnar-Based Extensor Retinaculum Reconstruction for Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Instability: A Cadaveric

Daniel Y Hong1, Taylor L Paskey1, Varun Arvind1

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York.

Journal of Wrist Surgery
|May 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ulnar-based (UBR) and radial-based (RBR) extensor retinaculum reconstructions effectively stabilize the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon. Ulnar-based reconstructions were found to be significantly longer than radial-based ones.

Keywords:
ECU instabilityECU subsheathcadavericextensor retinaculumreconstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Anatomy
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) instability is a condition that can be addressed through subsheath reconstruction.
  • The extensor retinaculum (ER) is utilized in these reconstructive procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate two described techniques for extensor retinaculum reconstruction of the ECU subsheath: radial-based (RBR) and ulnar-based (UBR).
  • To compare the dimensions and efficacy of RBR and UBR in stabilizing the ECU tendon.

Main Methods:

  • A cadaveric study involving 12 fresh frozen arms.
  • Exposure of the ECU subsheath and ER.
  • Creation and measurement of transverse and oblique RBR and UBR techniques originating from the ulnar aspect of the fifth dorsal compartment.

Main Results:

  • The mean width of the ER was 50.3 ± 1.8 mm, and the mean retinacular height was 30.6 ± 2.0 mm.
  • Mean transverse UBR (26.1 mm) and oblique UBR (36.0 mm) were longer than their respective RBR counterparts (18.3 mm and 21.6 mm).
  • All reconstructions adequately stabilized the ECU tendon against subluxation during wrist movements.

Conclusions:

  • Both UBR and RBR techniques are sufficient for stabilizing the ECU tendon in a cadaveric model.
  • UBR reconstructions are significantly longer than RBR reconstructions.
  • Both methods result in radial pull on the ECU tendon during pronation.