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Hootation: A GUI and API library for ontology validation and verbalization.
Muhammad Amith1, Xubing Hao2, Warren Manuel3
1Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA.
Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing
|May 25, 2026
Summary
Hootation, an open-source tool, translates formal ontology axioms into natural language, aiding experts in validation. It uses rule-based translation and Large Language Models (LLMs), achieving high usability scores.
Area of Science:
- Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
- Computational Linguistics
- Software Engineering
Background:
- Ontology verbalization is crucial for subject matter expert review of formal ontologies.
- Existing methods like templates and controlled grammar have limitations in scalability and adaptability.
- There is a need for user-friendly tools to bridge the gap between formal ontologies and natural language understanding.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate Hootation, an open-source software system for ontology verbalization.
- To provide a practical and adaptable solution for translating OWL2 axioms into natural language.
- To enhance the usability and accessibility of ontology content for domain experts.
Main Methods:
- Developed Hootation, featuring a graphical user interface and API library.
- Implemented rule-based translation of OWL2 axioms.
- Integrated optional Large Language Model (LLM) components for refinement and fact-checking.
- Enabled export of results in CSV and Excel formats for review.
Main Results:
- Hootation supports ontology verbalization via GUI and API.
- The system integrates rule-based translation with optional LLM components.
- Usability evaluation yielded an average System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 78.89 (SD = 10.39).
- The SUS score was significantly higher than the benchmark of 68 (p = 0.014), indicating good usability.
Conclusions:
- Hootation offers a practical and user-friendly environment for ontology validation and exploration.
- The tool effectively supports ontology engineers and domain experts in understanding complex ontologies.
- The integration of LLMs shows promise for refining and fact-checking verbalized ontologies.
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