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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

A Real-time Potency Assay for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Targeting Solid and Hematological Cancer Cells
08:46

A Real-time Potency Assay for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Targeting Solid and Hematological Cancer Cells

Published on: November 12, 2019

Targeting solid tumors with TCR-T cells: mechanisms, progress, and challenges.

Wenfang Hu1, Zhongyu Zhang2, Mengyao Pan1

  • 1Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.

Frontiers in Oncology
|May 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

T-cell receptor-engineered T-cell (TCR-T) therapy shows promise for solid tumors by targeting intracellular antigens. However, inconsistent clinical activity necessitates advancements in engineering and overcoming tumor microenvironment challenges for durable efficacy.

Keywords:
TCR-T therapyadoptive cell therapyantigen presentationpeptide–HLAsolid tumorstumor microenvironment

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

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09:12

Generation and Functional Verification of Hypoxia-Sensitive Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cells

Published on: June 14, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cellular Therapy

Background:

  • T-cell receptor-engineered T-cell (TCR-T) therapy targets intracellular antigens via peptide-human leukocyte antigen (pHLA) complexes, expanding treatment beyond surface proteins.
  • Clinical activity in solid tumors is inconsistent due to HLA restriction, antigen heterogeneity, presentation instability, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological basis of TCR-T therapy in solid tumors.
  • To summarize current clinical progress and identify barriers to durable tumor control.
  • To discuss emerging strategies for enhancing TCR-T therapeutic performance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of biological mechanisms of TCR-T therapy, including pHLA recognition and tumor cell killing.
  • Analysis of current clinical data across various solid tumor types.
  • Discussion of emerging engineering and manufacturing strategies.

Main Results:

  • TCR-T therapy demonstrates meaningful responses in specific biomarker-defined settings but limited efficacy in many epithelial cancers.
  • Durable tumor control requires more than target recognition, depending on antigen presentation, T-cell trafficking, and overcoming suppressive signals.
  • Emerging strategies focus on precision engineering, multi-HLA targeting, and microenvironment modulation.

Conclusions:

  • TCR-T therapy offers a promising framework for solid tumor treatment.
  • Broader and more durable benefits necessitate integrated advances in target selection, safety, and cellular engineering.
  • Overcoming antigen presentation barriers and immunosuppression is crucial for clinical success.