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Between principles and practice: exploring transformative discourses in a Dutch National Park.

Susan de Koning1,2, Pieter Zwaan3, Ingrid J Visseren-Hamakers2

  • 1HAS green academy, University of Applied Sciences for Agriculture, Food, and the Living Environment, s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.

Biodiversity and Conservation
|May 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Partnership-based national parks aim for transformative change in biodiversity conservation. However, distinct discourses within these partnerships show potential but lack full alignment with transformative governance principles, revealing practical challenges.

Keywords:
BiodiversityDiscoursesHollandse DuinenLandscapePartnershipTransformative Governance

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Area of Science:

  • Conservation Science
  • Environmental Governance
  • Social Sciences

Background:

  • Global biodiversity decline necessitates transformative change beyond traditional protected areas.
  • Landscape-oriented partnerships, like partnership-based national parks, are proposed as instruments for conservation.
  • Effective transformative change in these partnerships requires a shared discourse aligned with transformative governance principles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply an approach for examining transformative elements within partnership discourses.
  • To assess the alignment of discourses in a partnership-based national park with transformative governance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized transformative change and transformative governance theories combined with Q-methodology.
  • Conducted seven exploratory interviews, twenty-eight Q-methodology interviews, a workshop, and participant observation in eleven meetings.
  • Applied the developed approach to National Park Hollandse Duinen, Netherlands.

Main Results:

  • Identified four distinct partnership discourses within the case study, each containing some transformative elements.
  • Found no discourse fully aligned with the proposed transformative governance framework.
  • Revealed perceived tensions between transformative governance principles and practical partnership realities.

Conclusions:

  • Different ideas on transformative governance do not automatically align within partnerships.
  • Endorsement of one transformative governance element does not guarantee support for others.
  • Partnership practices may present challenges to achieving transformative change, questioning their full potential.