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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

FORGE: Functionally-guided OCT Representation for Glaucoma Endophenotyping.

Mousa Moradi, Liyin Chen, Yan Zhao

    Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
    |May 25, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel visual field-guided framework for glaucoma phenotyping, improving the identification of macular retinal nerve fiber layer phenotypes. This approach enhances clinical and genetic coherence for better disease understanding and management.

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    Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
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    Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

    Published on: February 15, 2022

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 26, 2026

    Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
    07:11

    Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

    Published on: May 25, 2020

    Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
    10:10

    Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

    Published on: February 15, 2022

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Medical Imaging
    • Artificial Intelligence

    Background:

    • Glaucoma phenotyping is complex due to disease variability and reliance on single data types.
    • Current methods struggle to capture the full spectrum of glaucoma progression.
    • Integrating structural and functional data is crucial for accurate disease characterization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a visual field (VF)-guided entangled learning framework for glaucoma phenotyping.
    • To integrate structural (macular retinal nerve fiber layer - mRNFL) and functional (VF) signals for improved phenotyping.
    • To enable OCT-only inference after training with multimodal data.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a VF-guided entangled learning framework.
    • Integrated structural mRNFL and functional VF data during training.
    • Validated the framework on MEEI (n=5,372) and UK Biobank (n=74,077) datasets.
    • Performed genetic analyses to compare phenotyping approaches.

    Main Results:

    • Identified 9 distinct mRNFL phenotypes with varying progression rates (MD slopes -0.2 to -1.8 dB/year).
    • Achieved superior clustering accuracy compared to OCT-only methods (22% FCM, 11% GMM).
    • Demonstrated generalizability and improved risk association in external validation (r=-0.33).
    • Discovered 12 additional glaucoma loci through genetic analysis.

    Conclusions:

    • VF-guided entangled learning significantly enhances the clinical and genetic coherence of mRNFL phenotyping.
    • This multimodal approach improves glaucoma classification and understanding of disease progression.
    • The framework shows broad applicability for multimodal medical imaging analysis in ophthalmology.