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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes a mild...
Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes a mild...
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Reliable Mechanochemistry: Protocols for Reproducible Outcomes of Neat and Liquid Assisted Ball-mill Grinding Experiments
13:05

Reliable Mechanochemistry: Protocols for Reproducible Outcomes of Neat and Liquid Assisted Ball-mill Grinding Experiments

Published on: January 23, 2018

Mechanochemically assembled organometallic complexes: a mechanistic study.

Lama Hamdouna1,2, Gianmarco Pisanò1, Andrew G M Rankin3

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University Krijgslaan 289 - S3 9000 Ghent Belgium catherine.cazin@ugent.be.

Chemical Science
|May 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mechanochemical synthesis and solid-state analysis reveal that product formation in organometallic reactions can happen during or after grinding. Proper workup protocols are crucial for successful mechanochemical syntheses.

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Reliable Mechanochemistry: Protocols for Reproducible Outcomes of Neat and Liquid Assisted Ball-mill Grinding Experiments
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Published on: January 23, 2018

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Published on: September 5, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Mechanochemistry offers solvent-free synthesis routes.
  • Understanding reaction mechanisms in the solid state is challenging.
  • Organometallic solid-state syntheses require detailed mechanistic investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of two organometallic solid-state syntheses.
  • To highlight the critical role of workup procedures in mechanochemical reactions.
  • To investigate product formation timing in grinding-based syntheses.

Main Methods:

  • Mechanical synthesis (grinding).
  • Solid-state analytical techniques: solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ssNMR), powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR).
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Results:

  • Mechanisms of two organometallic solid-state syntheses were clarified.
  • Product formation was observed to occur both during and after the grinding process.
  • The significance of post-synthesis workup protocols was emphasized.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanochemical synthesis pathways are complex and can extend beyond the grinding phase.
  • Careful consideration of workup is essential for controlling outcomes in mechanochemical reactions.
  • Integrated analytical and computational methods provide deep mechanistic insights into solid-state reactions.