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  1. Home
  3. Sensorimotor Numerosity Uniquely Supports Arithmetic Development In Children.
  1. Home
  3. Sensorimotor Numerosity Uniquely Supports Arithmetic Development In Children.

Related Experiment Video

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics (BM-PROMA)
10:58

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics (BM-PROMA)

Published on: August 28, 2021

Sensorimotor numerosity uniquely supports arithmetic development in children.

Giovanni Anobile1, Silvia Martelli1, Eleonora Bieber2

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

I-Perception
|May 25, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The sensorimotor number system, tracking self-generated actions, significantly predicts mental calculation ability. This suggests a foundational role for action-based numerical processing in developing mathematical skills.

Keywords:
approximate number systemdyscalculiamathematical abilitiesnumerosity perceptionsensorimotor number sense

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Mathematics Education

Background:

  • Symbolic numerical thinking is a hallmark of human cognition, but its origins are debated.
  • Current theories often emphasize a non-symbolic visual number sense as the foundation for numerical abilities.
  • Emerging research points to a sensorimotor number system that tracks self-generated actions, but its role in mathematical development is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between the sensorimotor number system and mathematical competence.
  • To determine if the precision of estimating self-generated actions predicts mathematical skills.
  • To compare the predictive power of sensorimotor numerosity with visual numerosity estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted psychophysical tasks to measure estimation precision (Weber fraction) for self-generated actions, visual-temporal flashes, and dot ensembles.
  • Assessed mental calculation ability.
  • Employed regression analyses to examine the relationship between numerosity estimation precision and mental calculation, controlling for confounding factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Precision in estimating self-generated actions explained approximately 30% of the variance in mental calculation ability.
    • This predictive link was significantly stronger (3-15 times) than that of visual numerosity estimation (spatial and temporal).
    • The association remained robust after accounting for age, reasoning abilities, motor skills, and visual numerosity precision (R² ≈ 26%).

    Conclusions:

    • Provides the first evidence for a specific link between the sensorimotor number system and mathematical competence.
    • Suggests that sensorimotor numerical processes play a foundational role in the development of symbolic numerical cognition.
    • Highlights the importance of embodied cognition in mathematical skill acquisition.