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Updated: May 26, 2026

Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer
Published on: May 18, 2020
Research progress on precision targeted therapy strategies for breast cancer based on tumor microenvironment
Yunbo Luo1, Panlin Xie2, Shaokang Yang3
1Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Abstract:
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the progression of BC, characterized by abnormal pH, aberrant enzyme expression, redox imbalance, etc. Nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) responsive to TME have emerged, including pH-responsive, enzyme-responsive, redox-responsive, and multi-responsive intelligent cascading systems. These systems effectively address tumor heterogeneity by improving intratumoral drug distribution and penetration, thereby enhancing therapeutic specificity and safety. In the future, the development of multi-modal intelligent NDDS, the design of programmable responsive systems, AI-driven personalized nano-drugs, and interdisciplinary collaboration to promote clinical translation will become key research focuses. This review not only systematically elucidates the response mechanism characteristics of TME in BC, but also focuses on analyzing the special requirements of the unique extracellular matrix and subtype specificity of BC for nanomedicine design. Furthermore, it summarizes the development directions of TME-responsive nano-delivery systems for BC, providing new insights to enhance the precise targeted therapy of BC.
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