Harnessing ChatGPT for Medical Education: A Narrative Review

Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, is rapidly transforming medical education by introducing innovative, learner-centered approaches. ChatGPT, a generative AI tool, has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing teaching, learning, assessment, and curriculum design. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications, benefits, and limitations of ChatGPT in medical education. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar for studies published up to 2025, focusing on ChatGPT, AI, and medical education. Relevant peer-reviewed articles, including original studies and reviews, were analyzed and synthesized qualitatively. ChatGPT serves as a valuable tool for medical educators by facilitating the generation of teaching materials, assisting curriculum development, and supporting assessment and feedback. For learners, it functions as a virtual tutor, promoting self-directed learning through interactive explanations, clinical simulations, and self-assessment tools. Its ability to provide personalized, real-time, and multilingual support makes it particularly relevant in diverse and resource-constrained settings. In the Indian context, ongoing digital education initiatives further enhance the applicability of such technologies, improving accessibility and scalability of learning. However, several limitations exist, including the risk of inaccurate or misleading information, potential bias, concerns regarding academic integrity, data privacy issues, and over-reliance affecting critical thinking skills. In conclusion, ChatGPT represents a promising adjunct in medical education, offering opportunities to enhance learning experiences and educational efficiency. Nevertheless, its integration should be guided by appropriate oversight, ethical considerations, and active involvement of educators to ensure safe and effective use.