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Prospective associations between the state minimum wage and cognitive function in older Americans.

Boram Lee1, Lucia C Petito2, Jiaxing Bao3

  • 1Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Womans University, South Korea.

SSM - Population Health
|May 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Increasing the state minimum wage may improve cognitive function in low-wage and part-time older workers. However, effects may vary by race and ethnicity, with mixed results observed in Hispanic low-wage workers.

Keywords:
AgingCognitive declineCognitive functionMinimum wageSocial policy

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Area of Science:

  • Social Gerontology
  • Public Health Policy
  • Cognitive Aging Research

Background:

  • Limited research exists on the impact of social policies on cognitive function in older adults.
  • The U.S. state minimum wage is a social policy that could potentially influence health outcomes.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for developing effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between U.S. state minimum wage policies and subsequent cognitive function in older American adults.
  • To investigate if this association differs across various demographic and employment subgroups.
  • To contribute to the understanding of socioeconomic determinants of cognitive aging.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (1998-2020) for non-self-employed workers aged 50-75 without dementia.
  • Employed fixed-effects linear models to assess the relationship between state minimum wage and cognitive function (Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status - TICS).
  • Analyzed lagged effects (2, 6, 10 years) and stratified analyses by wage level, working hours, race/ethnicity, and sex.

Main Results:

  • No significant association was found between state minimum wage and cognitive function for all workers.
  • A $1 increase in state minimum wage was linked to improved cognitive function (TICS scores) 6 years later for low-wage and part-time workers.
  • Hispanic low-wage workers showed lower cognitive function with a 2-year lag but higher function with a 6-year lag following minimum wage increases.

Conclusions:

  • Increases in state minimum wage may positively impact cognitive health among low-earning older adults.
  • Potential heterogeneities in the effects of minimum wage on cognitive function exist across racial and ethnic groups.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interplay between socioeconomic policies and cognitive aging.