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Related Concept Videos

Portal Hypertension01:22

Portal Hypertension

Portal hypertension is an increase in blood pressure within the portal venous system. Normally, this pressure is less than 5 mmHg. It is considered clinically significant when it rises above 10 mmHg. At this threshold, complications from altered blood flow and venous congestion emerge.EtiologyPortal hypertension arises from conditions that impede blood flow through the liver. The most common cause is cirrhosis, in which chronic liver injury leads to fibrotic scarring. This fibrosis narrows or...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Hepatic Portal System01:21

Hepatic Portal System

The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
At its core, the hepatic portal vein is the result of a confluence of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins along with the splenic vein. Each of these veins has a unique role. The superior mesenteric vein is responsible...
Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus
14:59

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus

Published on: October 14, 2022

Congenital Portosystemic Shunts: A Review.

George Y Wu1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology
|May 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) are rare vascular anomalies diverting portal blood from the liver. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing complications like hyperammonemia and liver disease.

Keywords:
Congenital portosystemic shuntsEndovascular approachExtrahepatic portosystemic shuntsIntrahepatic portosystemic shuntsLiver transplantationLiver tumor

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Technique of Porcine Liver Procurement and Orthotopic Transplantation using an Active Porto-Caval Shunt
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Published on: May 7, 2015

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus
14:59

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Published on: October 14, 2022

Technique of Porcine Liver Procurement and Orthotopic Transplantation using an Active Porto-Caval Shunt
12:27

Technique of Porcine Liver Procurement and Orthotopic Transplantation using an Active Porto-Caval Shunt

Published on: May 7, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) are rare vascular anomalies.
  • They involve abnormal connections between the portal and systemic venous systems.
  • This leads to diversion of portal blood away from the liver.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of CPSS.
  • To highlight the importance of considering CPSS in patients with hepatic encephalopathy or unexplained liver disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on CPSS.
  • Emphasis on diagnostic imaging modalities including Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography, and MRI.
  • Discussion of treatment strategies such as embolization and surgical ligation.

Main Results:

  • CPSS can cause hyperammonemia, hepatopulmonary syndrome, and portopulmonary hypertension, often without portal hypertension.
  • Advanced imaging techniques improve early detection and classification.
  • Interventional or surgical closure is often necessary for symptomatic shunts.

Conclusions:

  • CPSS require prompt diagnosis and management.
  • Understanding genetic and embryological factors is key to pathogenesis.
  • CPSS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained liver issues.