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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Measuring Skeletal Muscle Thermogenesis in Mice and Rats

Measuring Skeletal Muscle Thermogenesis in Mice and Rats

Published on: July 27, 2022

Experience-Dependent Gain Modulation Drives Thermosensory Responses in Behavior.

Malcom Díaz García¹, Jonathan Beagan¹, Ernesto Cabezas-Bou¹

¹Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT 06536, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|May 25, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The thermosensory neuron AFD in C. elegans integrates recent temperature changes and amplifies responses near a learned preferred temperature. This gain control mechanism helps the worm navigate towards its goal.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Biology
Behavioral Biology

Background:

Sensory neurons must adapt to dynamic environments to extract relevant information.
Understanding how experience shapes sensory encoding during behavior is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how the thermosensory neuron AFD in C. elegans encodes temperature information during navigation.
To determine the role of experience-dependent plasticity in sensory processing.

Main Methods:

Long-duration calcium imaging in freely moving C. elegans.
A temperature-trajectory playback paradigm to control sensory input.
Development of a minimal mathematical model to capture AFD dynamics.

Main Results:

AFD acts as a leaky integrator of recent temperature changes over tens of seconds.
AFD exhibits experience-dependent gain control, amplifying responses near a learned preferred temperature.
A mathematical model incorporating derivative sensing, leaky integration, and gain control accurately predicts AFD calcium dynamics and behavior.

Conclusions:

Gain control in AFD allows a derivative-based sensory system to represent an absolute goal.
This mechanism guides C. elegans' locomotory strategies during temperature navigation.
Experience-dependent gain control is a key factor in adaptive sensory processing.