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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias01:30

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...
Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice
06:07

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice

Published on: May 23, 2021

Drug Proarrhythmic Evaluation in a High Throughput Cardiac New Approach Methodology.

Verena Charwat1,2, Adrian Ramirez1, Karoline H Jæger3

  • 1Organos Inc, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|May 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new high-throughput cardiac assay using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes accurately predicts drug-induced arrhythmia. This new approach methodology (NAM) streamlines early drug development by identifying cardiotoxicity risks efficiently.

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Contractions of Human-iPSC-derived Cardiomyocyte Syncytia Measured with a Ca-sensitive Fluorescent Dye in Temperature-controlled 384-well Plates

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10:41

Laser-Induced Action Potential-Like Measurements of Cardiomyocytes on Microelectrode Arrays for Increased Predictivity of Safety Pharmacology

Published on: September 13, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Pharmacology
  • Drug Discovery and Development
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cardiotoxicity, particularly action potential prolongation and arrhythmia, is a major cause of drug failure.
  • Early identification of cardiotoxic liabilities is crucial to prevent dangerous compounds from progressing in drug development.
  • New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) are needed to efficiently examine cardiotoxicity risks early in the discovery pipeline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a high-throughput cardiac NAM for early cardiotoxicity screening.
  • To assess the proarrhythmic potential of drug compounds using a 3D cardiac micromuscle platform.
  • To integrate experimental data with computational modeling for mechanistic insights into drug-induced electrophysiological changes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a 384-well open bath platform using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes.
  • High-throughput screening of the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) drug panel.
  • Integration of phenotypic fingerprinting with in silico computational modeling for ion channel block prediction.

Main Results:

  • The cardiac NAM accurately detected arrhythmic potential for most compounds in the CiPA panel.
  • High-risk compounds exhibited action potential duration (APD) prolongation with abnormalities, early afterdepolarizations (EADs), or beat cessation.
  • In silico analysis provided consistent predictions of compound ion channel block and mechanistic insights into APD changes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed cardiac NAM enables fast, relevant, and high-throughput screening for cardiotoxicity and proarrhythmic activity.
  • Integration of experimental assays with computational tools enhances mechanistic understanding of drug effects on cardiac electrophysiology.
  • This platform can reduce late-stage drug development failures by improving early identification of cardiotoxic compounds.