Advances in Yupingfeng San Research: Multi-Target Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence

This review systematically summarizes the chemical composition, mechanisms of action, and recent progress in research and clinical applications of Yupingfeng San (YPFS) in various diseases. Research indicates that YPFS contains abundant active constituents-such as flavonoids, coumarins, and terpenoids, and demonstrates diverse biological activities,including immune modulation, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. Recent pharmacological and network pharmacology studies have elucidated that YPFS regulates key signaling pathways - such as PI3K-Akt, NF-κB, TLR4/MyD88, and JAK-STAT - through multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms. These effects contribute to its therapeutic role in allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD), liver cancer, lung cancer, and other conditions. Although limited clinical trials and meta-analyses suggest that YPFS, when combined with conventional therapies, can improve treatment efficacy, relieve symptoms, and demonstrate good safety and tolerability, current research is constrained by low evidence quality and the absence of standardized quality control measures. Future research should prioritize large-scale, multi-center clinical trials and integrate multi-omics approaches to identify the main active components and mechanisms of action.