First DNA barcode reference library of grasshoppers on the Comoros Archipelago

Area of Science:

• Entomology
• Molecular Systematics
• Biodiversity Studies

Background:

• DNA barcoding using the COI gene is a standard tool in insect taxonomy.
• Barcode reference libraries are crucial for biodiversity assessments and environmental DNA (eDNA) studies.
• The Comoro Islands, a biodiversity hotspot, lack barcoding data for grasshoppers (Caelifera).

Purpose of the Study:

• To establish the first DNA barcode reference library for Caelifera from the Comoro Islands.
• To assess the utility and limitations of COI barcodes for grasshopper systematics in this region.
• To highlight the importance of molecular data for understudied biodiversity hotspots.

Main Methods:

• DNA barcoding of 22 Caelifera specimens from the Comoro Islands.
• Sequencing of the mitochondrial COI gene.
• Phylogenetic analysis to assess species resolution.

Main Results:

• A reference library of COI sequences for 15 species across 12 genera was created.
• DNA barcodes reliably identified 9 out of 12 genera.
• COI barcodes alone had limited resolution for closely related species (e.g., *Symbellia*).
• Preliminary data suggests potential cryptic diversity within the *Parepistaurus* genus.

Conclusions:

• DNA barcoding shows promise for Caelifera systematics but has limitations for species-level identification in some cases.
• Integrated approaches using additional markers and morphological data are essential for resolving cryptic diversity.
• Expanding molecular reference libraries is vital for cataloging biodiversity in understudied regions like the Comoro Islands.