Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 26, 2026
07:38
Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants
Published on: June 6, 2025
Brain Abscess Following CPX-351 Treatment in a Patient With Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Yusuke Yamaga1, Shoichiro Okazaki1, Yuri Sakuma1
1Division of Hematology, Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Ichinomiya, Aichi, Japan, municipal-hospital.ichinomiya.aichi.jp.
Case Reports in Hematology
|May 25, 2026
Summary
A rare brain abscess case occurred during chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Prompt diagnosis and treatment led to neurological recovery and AML remission, highlighting infection risks during treatment.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Oncology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment, particularly with CPX-351, can lead to complications.
- Patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy may experience immunosuppression and increased infection risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report a rare case of brain abscess during CPX-351 induction therapy for AML.
- To emphasize the importance of considering brain abscess in AML patients with neurological symptoms.
Main Methods:
- Case report of a patient with AML treated with CPX-351.
- Diagnosis involved neurological examination, MRI, and abscess drainage.
- Treatment included surgical intervention and targeted antibiotics.
Main Results:
- A right parietal lobe brain abscess caused by Bacillus species was identified.
- The patient achieved neurological recovery and complete remission of AML.
- Consolidation therapy with venetoclax and azacitidine was initiated.
Conclusions:
- CPX-351 therapy may increase susceptibility to Gram-positive infections like brain abscess.
- Early recognition and management of neurological symptoms during AML treatment are crucial.
- Multidisciplinary approach involving neurosurgery, infectious disease, and oncology is vital for optimal outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Brain Abscess l: Introduction
A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
01:28Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
01:27Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...