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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine

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Biological-chemical method for synthesizing p-menthane-3,8-diol.

Xiaoru Zuo¹, Huizhi Zhang¹, Zhanwei Zhang¹

¹School of Synthetic Biology and Biomanufacturing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.

Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology

|May 25, 2026

Summary

This study engineered a yeast strain to produce citronellal, a key precursor for p-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD). This sustainable biological-chemical method offers a greener alternative for manufacturing the effective mosquito repellent PMD.

Keywords:

Citronellal Endogenous oxidoreductase PMD Peroxisome S. cerevisiae

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Published on: March 6, 2019

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Synthetic Biology
Chemical Engineering

Background:

p-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) is a potent mosquito repellent.
Current PMD production relies on chemically synthesized citronellal, lacking sustainability.
A green alternative for citronellal supply is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* for efficient *de novo* citronellal biosynthesis.
To develop a sustainable biological-chemical method for PMD production.
To establish a novel route from glucose to PMD.

Main Methods:

Metabolic engineering of yeast for enhanced geraniol synthesis and optimized oxidoreductase activity.
Shake-flask cultivation to achieve citronellal titers.
Integration of microbial fermentation with chemical catalysis for PMD synthesis.

Main Results:

Achieved a citronellal titer of 0.13 g/L in engineered yeast.
Established a biological-chemical process yielding 0.64 g/L of PMD.
Demonstrated the first semisynthetic route from glucose to PMD.

Conclusions:

Engineered yeast provides a sustainable source of citronellal.
The developed biological-chemical method offers a greener PMD manufacturing process.
This approach presents a novel paradigm for sustainable chemical production.