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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who are...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
Ethics in Research01:56

Ethics in Research

Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Bridging the Technology Divide in the COVID-19 Era: Using Virtual Outreach to Expose Middle and High School Students to Imaging Technology
09:55

Bridging the Technology Divide in the COVID-19 Era: Using Virtual Outreach to Expose Middle and High School Students to Imaging Technology

Published on: September 28, 2022

Racial Disparities in Research Engagement Among US Allopathic Medical Students.

Suhas B Nagappala1, Neha A Iska1, Michael Nunu1

  • 1Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.

Medical Science Educator
|May 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Underrepresented in Medicine (URiM) students have fewer research opportunities, impacting their chances in competitive medical fields. Addressing these disparities is crucial for improving diversity in specialized medicine.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Bridging the Technology Divide in the COVID-19 Era: Using Virtual Outreach to Expose Middle and High School Students to Imaging Technology
09:55

Bridging the Technology Divide in the COVID-19 Era: Using Virtual Outreach to Expose Middle and High School Students to Imaging Technology

Published on: September 28, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Health Disparities
  • Surgical Specialties

Background:

  • Competitive medical specialties show persistently lower representation of Underrepresented in Medicine (URiM) physicians.
  • URiM medical students face lower match rates in these high-demand specialties.
  • The shift to pass/fail USMLE Step 1 scoring increases the importance of research productivity for residency applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine disparities in research experiences between URiM and non-URiM medical students.
  • To assess the implications of these research disparities on diversity within competitive medical specialties.
  • To identify potential contributing factors and propose solutions for equitable research access.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Graduation Questionnaire (GQ) Gender/URiM National Reports (2020-2024).
  • Analyzed survey responses from over 81,000 graduating U.S. medical students, stratified by URiM status.
  • Employed chi-squared tests to compare research-related experiences, including faculty research, manuscript/presentation authorship, and independent study projects.

Main Results:

  • URiM students were significantly less likely to report research with faculty, manuscript authorship, and presentation authorship (p < 0.001).
  • No significant difference was found in the likelihood of reporting independent study projects between URiM and non-URiM students (p > 0.05).
  • These disparities suggest structural barriers and potentially reduced familial connections contribute to reduced research engagement among URiM students.

Conclusions:

  • Limited access to research opportunities disadvantages URiM applicants in competitive medical specialties.
  • Medical schools must increase outreach and mentorship to enhance research opportunities for URiM students.
  • Addressing structural barriers is essential to promote equitable research engagement and improve diversity in specialized fields.