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Nacre-Inspired MXene-Based Films with High-Performance Electrical, Mechanical, and Electrothermal Functionality.

Bin Deng¹, Xiaoping Zhou¹

¹School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|May 25, 2026

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This study introduces a new method to create stronger and more conductive flexible materials using MXene and bacterial cellulose. The process enhances mechanical strength and electrical conductivity for advanced flexible electronics.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Flexible Electronics

Background:

Conventional solution processing limits mechanical and electrical properties in flexible conductors due to porosity and disordered structures.
Achieving both high mechanical robustness and electrical conductivity simultaneously is a key challenge in flexible electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an integrated processing strategy for nacre-inspired MXene/bacterial cellulose (BC) architectures.
To overcome the limitations of conventional methods in enhancing mechanical and electrical properties of flexible conductors.

Main Methods:

An integrated vacuum filtration and thermomechanical pressing strategy was employed.
Vacuum filtration ensured spatial homogeneity, while thermomechanical pressing densified the architecture by activating liquid metal (LM) as a lubricant.

Keywords:

Joule heating MXene electromagnetic interference shielding flexible electronics liquid metal nacre-inspired architecture thermomechanical densification

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This process facilitated MXene flake reorientation, void healing, and LM isolation to prevent oxidation.

Main Results:

The developed strategy precisely regulated LM content and induced structural densification.
Composite films exhibited enhanced tensile strength (563 MPa) and electrical conductivity (1.8 × 10^5 S·m^-1).
Exceptional specific electromagnetic shielding (>2.5 × 10^4 dB·cm^2·g^-1) and stable low-voltage Joule heating were achieved.

Conclusions:

The synergistic reorganization of MXene/BC architectures resolves the mechanical-electrical conflict in flexible conductors.
This scalable methodology provides a generalizable paradigm for multifunctional flexible electronics.
The approach enables precise control over material structure for superior performance characteristics.