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Automated, Quantitative Cognitive/Behavioral Screening of Mice: For Genetics, Pharmacology, Animal Cognition and Undergraduate Instruction
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PET/MR: history, current state, and technology

Hongyu An1,2

  • 1Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States.

The British Journal of Radiology
|May 25, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) offers advanced molecular imaging by combining PET sensitivity with MRI contrast. This review details PET/MR system evolution, technical challenges, and key methods for precision medicine.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Hybrid Imaging Systems
  • Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging

Background:

  • Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PET/MR) integrates molecular sensitivity of PET with MRI's soft-tissue contrast.
  • PET/MR enables simultaneous acquisition and improved spatial-temporal alignment over PET/CT.
  • Technological advancements, including avalanche photodiodes and silicon photomultipliers, have led to fully integrated clinical PET/MR systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development and current status of PET/MR systems.
  • To highlight key methodological advances in PET/MR imaging.
  • To briefly discuss the clinical applications of PET/MR.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical development and system-level innovations in PET/MR technology.
  • Summary of methodological advances including attenuation correction and MRI-assisted motion correction.
  • Discussion of techniques for anatomically guided PET reconstruction, denoising, and imaging-derived input function (IDIF).

Main Results:

  • PET/MR systems have evolved significantly with detector innovations.
  • Key methods for improving PET/MR image quality and quantitative accuracy have been developed.
  • PET/MR presents unique technical challenges and opportunities for advanced imaging.

Conclusions:

  • PET/MR is a powerful and evolving hybrid imaging platform.
  • The technology has significant potential to advance precision medicine.
  • Further development holds promise for quantitative imaging applications.
Keywords:
PET/MRanatomically guided reconstructionattenuation correctiondeep learningimaging-derived input functionmotion correctionspatiotemporal smoothing

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