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Updated: May 27, 2026

Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
Published on: November 13, 2016
The 1-hour plasma glucose as a specific marker for early-phase insulin secretory defects in young adults with obesity
Miaomiao Yuan1, Shaoqian Zhao1, Chenxiao Lu1
1Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Aims:
To determine whether 1-hour plasma glucose (1-h PG) during an OGTT outperforms other glycemic markers (FPG, 0.5-h PG, 2-h PG, HbA1c) in identifying impairments in insulin secretion, sensitivity, and β-cell compensation.
Methods:
We analyzed 2178 Chinese young adults (18-40 years) with obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) and without diabetes. Associations between glycemic markers and OGTT-derived indices were assessed using adjusted correlations, regression, and ROC analyses. In a subcohort (n = 495) with frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) data, markers were evaluated against minimal-model estimates of first-phase secretion (AIRg), insulin sensitivity (SI), and disposition index (DI).
Results:
1-h PG showed superior performance over other glycemic markers for identifying early-phase insulin secretion defects. Among these markers, it demonstrated the strongest correlation with IGI30 (ρ = - 0.413) and the highest discriminatory accuracy (AUC = 0.702); this was supported by FSIVGTT-derived AIRg. For insulin sensitivity, 1-h PG correlated more strongly with the Matsuda index, whereas 2-h PG was more strongly associated with FSIVGTT-derived SI. Elevated 1-h PG (≥8.6 mmol/L) identified individuals with impairments across all traits.
Conclusions:
1-h PG is a specific physiological marker of early-phase insulin secretion defects, supporting its role in early phenotyping and risk stratification in young adults with obesity.
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